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Term Definition
16-bit
A resolution of 65,536 distinct signal levels. A measurement resolution that can divide a signal into 65,536 distinct levels. Higher resolution allows smaller changes in weight or force to be detected and displayed.
24-bit
A much finer resolution of over 16 million signal levels. A measurement resolution that can divide a signal into over 16 million distinct levels. Compared to 16-bit resolution, it can detect much smaller changes in weight or force and provide more detailed measurements.
Axial Load
Force that acts parallel to the longitudinal axis of a structure. Type of Axial Load:
  • Compression: Pushes an object inward, shortening its length
  • Tension: Pulls an object outward, stretching its length
Auto Zero
Automatically resets the reading to zero when no load is applied. A feature that automatically adjusts the output signal to zero when no load is applied, ensuring accurate measurements. This helps to eliminate any offset errors that may occur due to environmental factors (e.g. wind).
Antenna
A device that transmits and receives wireless signals, defined by its type, size, and configuration, which affect signal range, direction, and quality.
  • External antennas on adjustable mounts can improve range and signal directionality
  • Internal antennas help reduce overall device size and simplify enclosure design while still supporting reliable communication in compact systems
Analog Signal Input Range
The limits within which a device can accurately measure an analog signal. The specific limits within which an analog signal can be accurately measured and processed by a device.
Accuracy (% of Span)
The maximum total deviation between the measured value and the true input, expressed as a percentage of the full-scale measurement range. It typically accounts for non-linearity, hysteresis, and repeatability.
  • In many specifications, accuracy may be simplified and presented only as non-linearity, but true accuracy often includes other error sources
  • Accuracy is a key performance indicator in applications that require high precision, such as legal-for-trade weighing, calibration systems, or quality-controlled
  • Accuracy differs from resolution (the smallest measurable increment) and precision (consistency of repeated measurements), and should not be used interchangeably with those terms.
Analog Input Range
The maximum voltage or current range that an analog input channel can safely accept, such as ±30 mV or ±10 V.
  • The input range defines the limits of usable signal that can be digitized without clipping or distortion. Signals outside this range may be clamped, ignored, or cause measurement errors—even if overload protection prevents physical damage.
  • Always allow 10-20% headroom for dynamic signals, electrical noise, or sensor overshoot. For example, a ±10 V input range should not be driven with a signal that peaks near ±10 V if noise or transients are expected.
Analog Input Type
The type and range of analog signals that a device is designed to accept from external sensors, such as 0–30 mV, 0–10 V, or 4–20 mA
  • To ensure proper signal acquisition and scaling, the sensor output type must match the device’s input specification.
  • For example, unamplified sensors like load cells typically output millivolt-level signals (e.g., 0–30 mV) and require devices with mV-range inputs. Connecting them to a 4–20 mA input will result in no usable signal.
  • Always confirm whether the device expects a voltage or current input, and check excitation requirements, especially for bridge-based sensors.
Analog Output Type
The analog signal format and voltage/current range used to retransmit the measured input. Common examples include 0–10 V, ±10 V, and 4–20 mA, representing the full-scale measurement span of the device.
  • Current outputs (especially 4–20 mA) offer superior noise immunity and are less affected by cable length or resistance, making them the preferred choice for industrial environments and long cable runs.
  • Ensure that receiving devices (e.g., PLCs, analog inputs) are compatible with the output signal type and range for accurate interpretation.
Analog Outputs
A retransmission of the measured signal as a continuous voltage (e.g., 0–10 V) or current (e.g., 4–20 mA) to external devices.
  • Typically used in process control systems, PLCs, or data loggers.
  • Less common on basic indicators; more likely on advanced or industrial models.
  • Ensure signal type and scaling are compatible with connected devices.
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
Turns real-world analog signals into digital data. An electronic circuit that changes a continuous real-world physical signal, such as sound, light, temperature, or voltage into discrete binary digital data (1s and 0s) that microprocessors and computers can process.
Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
Turns digital data into a continuous analog signal. A system that changes digital data (binary numbers of 1s and 0s) into a continuous analog signal (varying voltage or current).
Batching
A weighing process where components are separated into known quantities, typically set by the user, and dispensed into a container or different part of the production chain.
  • Often used in food, chemical, and material production industries
  • Requires precise control of a large system, including conveyor belt speed, solenoids, and other moving components to synchronize properly with the weighing signals
Binding
A mechanical interference in the weighing system that prevents accurate measurement by bearing weight away from the load cell, removing load from the measured platform or device.
  • Can cause non-linear readings or erratic output.
  • Often caused by misalignment, debris, poor tolerancing, or improper installation, leading to contact of the non-weighed structure, altering the readout.
Bench Scale
A small, low capacity scale with a platform for holding solid weights or containers, typically found in low volume household applications or in high precision measurement environments.
  • Capacity range is typically <30kg but can vary by application.
  • Complete standalone devices featuring a built in calibration function and indicator.
Breaking Overload
The load at which the structure of the load cell will fail.
  • Expressed as a % of rated capacity (i.e. 300%)
  • Strong consideration in safety margins and critical applications (i.e. load pins)
Brightness (mcd)
The luminance of the display, measured in millicandelas (mcd), indicating how visible the screen is under different lighting conditions.
  • Candela measures light intensity in a specific direction, making it appropriate for backlit displays.
  • Not to be confused with lumens, which measure total light output in all directions (e.g., flood lights).
CAN Bus
A shared two-wire network for multi-device communication. A communication protocol that enables multiple devices to communicate over a shared two-wire network using a multi-master, message-based communication system.
CANopen
A higher-level protocol built on CAN Bus for standardized device communication. A higher-level communication protocol based on CAN Bus that standardizes device communication, configuration, and data exchange in industrial automation systems.
Certification
Regulatory approvals required for legal operation (i.e. NTEP, CE, IECEx, FCC, etc.)
  • Required for compliance in hazardous areas or when financial transactions or regulation affect or are part of the use case of the product
  • Certain approvals can increase cost and lead time of a product (i.e. ATEX)
Centre of Gravity
The point where an object's weight is perfectly balanced. The single point where an object's entire weight is perfectly balanced in all directions.
CMRR
CMRR is a measure of an amplifier or signal conditioner’s ability to reject common-mode signals—voltages that appear identically on both input lines—while amplifying only the differential signal. It is usually expressed in decibels (dB).
  • Higher CMRR improves noise immunity, especially in low-level signal applications.
  • Common-mode noise often comes from EMI, ground loops, or long cables.
Creep
The change in output readout when a constant load is applied for an extended period (typically 30 minutes or more).
  • Shown as a percentage of the FSO and duration (i.e. ±0.02% in 30 minutes)
Counting
A scale weighing mode that measures the quantity of an item taking the total weight and dividing it by a pre-determined mass per quantity.
  • Commonly used in small parts packaging or inventory management of identical parts
  • Requires uniform weight parts as there is only one parameter for divisible weight
Combined Error
Deviation from the calibration curve; calculated by adding effects of non-linearity and hysteresis. The total deviation of a load cell’s output from its ideal calibration curve, combining the effects of non-linearity and hysteresis. It is typically expressed as a percentage of the full-scale output (FSO) and provides an overall indication of the load cell’s measurement accuracy.
Channel Count
Number of independent measurement channels available for simultaneous use.
  • Determines how many load cells or inputs can be connected and measured independently of each other.
Chemical Compatibility
Describes if chemicals, substances or material can mix, touch, or be stored together. Describes whether materials or substances can safely come into contact with, be exposed to, or be stored with one another without causing harmful chemical reactions, degradation, contamination, or other hazardous effects.
Communication Protocol
Supported input/output interface for digital devices (i.e. RS-485, Profinet, etc.)
RS-232 (Recommended Standard 232)

Overview:
Basic point-to-point serial communication, widely used in legacy systems and simple device connections.

Advantages:

  • Simple to implement in embedded systems
  • Full-duplex (simultaneous transmit and receive)
  • Minimal hardware requirements
  • Common in industrial and weighing equipment

Limitations:

  • Short communication distance (~15 meters)
  • Supports only 1-to-1 connections
  • Susceptible to electrical noise

Applications:

  • PC to scale/indicator connections
  • Debug ports for embedded systems
  • Connecting to printers, displays, or converters
RS-485

Overview:
A differential, multi-drop serial protocol ideal for long distances and multiple devices.

Advantages:

  • Reliable over distances up to 1,200 meters
  • Supports up to 32 devices on one bus
  • High noise immunity in industrial settings
  • Common backbone for protocols like Modbus RTU

Limitations:

  • Typically half-duplex (one-way communication at a time)
  • Requires proper termination and grounding

Applications:

  • Digital junction boxes and load cell networks
  • Multi-terminal weighbridge systems
  • Distributed I/O systems in noisy environments
Modbus (RTU and TCP)

Overview:
Widely-used industrial protocol for structured device communication. RTU runs over RS-485; TCP runs over Ethernet.

Advantages:

  • Simple, register-based structure
  • Compatible with a wide range of PLCs, HMIs, and SCADA systems
  • Well-documented and supported by many vendors

Limitations:

  • Polling-based protocol (master-slave)
  • RTU version can be slow for high-frequency data

Applications:

  • Weight transmitters in automation systems
  • PLC-controlled batching or mixing stations
  • Ethernet-based remote monitoring (TCP)
CANopen

Overview:
CAN-based protocol with standardized object dictionaries for real-time automation and control.

Advantages:

  • High reliability in EMI-heavy environments
  • Real-time data exchange with synchronization
  • Modular design via device profiles

Limitations:

  • Requires familiarity with protocol structure and node management
  • Device configuration can be complex

Applications:

  • Multi-channel amplifier systems
  • Robotics, batching equipment, process control
  • Any synchronized multi-device system
CAN J1939

Overview:
CAN-based communication protocol designed for heavy-duty vehicles and off-road machinery.

Advantages:

  • Supports real-time broadcast communication
  • Extremely robust and fault-tolerant
  • Tailored parameter groups for vehicle components

Limitations:

  • Primarily used in mobile/vehicle systems
  • Higher protocol overhead

Applications:

  • Axle load measurement in trucks
  • Agricultural equipment (e.g., tractors, harvesters)
  • Mobile weighing systems
EtherCAT (Ethernet for Control Automation Technology)

Overview:
High-speed Ethernet protocol designed for precision and low-latency industrial control.

Advantages:

  • Ultra-fast data transfer (cycle times < 100 µs)
  • Supports distributed clocks and real-time sync
  • Efficient with large numbers of I/Os

Limitations:

  • Requires compatible slave devices and software
  • More complex setup than basic Ethernet protocols

Applications:

  • High-speed packaging and filling machines
  • Coordinated multi-sensor/actuator systems
  • Servo-controlled weighing automation
PROFINET

Overview:
Ethernet-based protocol used extensively in Siemens automation environments.

Advantages:

  • Deterministic performance for real-time control
  • Parallel TCP/IP and real-time traffic
  • Seamless integration with Siemens TIA Portal

Limitations:

  • Commonly tied to Siemens-based systems
  • Licensing costs may apply for some features

Applications:

  • Factory floor automation
  • Smart weighing terminals in integrated lines
  • Multi-device control via Siemens PLCs
TCP/IP

Overview:
Foundational protocol of the internet, enabling remote and networked communication.

Advantages:

  • Universally supported across platforms
  • Enables remote access, cloud integration, and web dashboards
  • Flexible for multiple services (HTTP, FTP, MQTT, etc.)

Limitations:

  • Non-deterministic (not suitable for hard real-time control)
  • Requires IP addressing and proper network configuration

Applications:

  • Cloud-based monitoring of weighing systems
  • ERP/SCADA integration
  • Web dashboards and remote support tools
Compatible Protocol
The communication standard the device supports for interfacing with external equipment, such as RS-232 or RS-485.
  • Protocol compatibility ensures proper data exchange with indicators, printers, or mirrored remote displays.
Configuration Interface
The method used to configure or program the device, such as HMI buttons, dip switches, or software tools.
  • Software-based interfaces support advanced setup and easy firmware updates
  • HMI button setups offer convenience without external tools
  • Dip switches and hardware jumpers may require access to internal or covered components.
Data Logging
The ability of an indicator to store measurement data in non-volatile internal memory or on removable storage media (e.g., USB, SD card).
  • Some models support customizable log formats for easy export and post-processing in software like Microsoft Excel.
  • In legal-for-trade applications, removable memory may not be used to store calibration or configuration data to maintain compliance.
Dead Load
A permanent and consistent weight that the load cell will experience A permanent and consistent weight that is continuously supported by the load cell during normal operation. It is typically the weight of the equipment or structure itself, such as an empty tank, vessel, platform, or hopper. Dead load must be considered when determining the load cell’s capacity to ensure accurate measurement and reliable performance.
Dynamic Weighing
Measurement of a weight in motion for real-time data.
  • Found on conveyor belts or rollers for larger products.
  • Requires a high response speed load cell to read stable weights.
Digit Height
Height of the numeric characters on a segmented display.
  • Larger digits enhance readability from a distance, especially in industrial or outdoor settings.
  • This specification is not applicable to fully graphic or touchscreen displays with dynamic UI elements, where font size is variable.
Digital Outputs
Configurable outputs from internal relays or transistor-based circuits used to signal external devices based on set conditions or thresholds.
  • Common uses include printer triggers, external alarms, batching control, or interfacing with PLCs and remote displays.
  • Relay outputs function as binary (on/off) signals, often tied to weight limits, motion detection, or system events.
Display Format
The type of visual interface used, such as numeric/segmented displays or custom graphic layouts, often with additional visual indicators.
  • Programmable units may support custom graphics tailored to site-specific needs.
  • Visual elements like traffic lights, bar indicators, or icons are common in outdoor and industrial process environments.
Environmental Resistance (IP/NEMA)
A standardized rating indicating the enclosure's resistance to dust, water, and other environmental elements, based on IP (Ingress Protection) or NEMA standards.
  • For outdoor or harsh environments, ratings of IP66+ or NEMA 4X are typically required to ensure protection against heavy rain, dust, and corrosion.
  • Always verify the rating based on installation location and exposure conditions.
EtherCAT
A high-speed industrial Ethernet protocol for real-time control. A high-speed industrial Ethernet protocol designed for real-time control applications, allowing data to be processed by devices as it passes through the network.
EtherNet/IP
An industrial Ethernet protocol for fast, interoperable device communication. An industrial Ethernet protocol used for communication between industrial automation devices, allowing for high-speed data transfer and interoperability between different devices and networks. Note that EtherNet/IP is not directly interchangeable with Ethernet TCP/IP.
Ethernet Communication
Data exchange between devices over Ethernet cabling and protocols. The exchange of data between devices over Ethernet cables using protocols like EtherNet/IP, Modbus TCP, EtherNet TCP/IP, PROFINET, etc.
Environmental Sealing
Barriers like gaskets and O-rings that protect components from dust and moisture. The use of physical barriers, gaskets, O-rings, or glue to protect sensitive components from dust and moisture.
Electropolished
An electrochemical finish that smooths and cleans metal and improves corrosion resistance.
  • An electrochemical finishing process used to deburr, polish, and clean metal parts.
  • The metal part is placed in an acid bath and connected to a direct electrical current, causing microscopic surface peaks to dissolve and leaving a smooth, bright, corrosion-resistant finish.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Working properly in electromagnetic environments without causing interference. The ability to operate correctly in an electromagnetic environment without causing interference to other devices. This capability prevents interference with other devices and maintains accurate measurements.
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
Electromagnetic noise from equipment that disrupts load cell output. Electromagnetic fields generated by equipment such as motors, transformers, and welding machines. EMI is a common cause of noisy output in load cells. It can be mitigated by using proper grounding and interference-resistant cabling.
Frequency Band (MHz/GHz)
The portion of the RF spectrum used for communication (e.g., 902–928 MHz, 2.4 GHz).
  • License-free frequency bands vary by region; always ensure compliance with local regulations (e.g., FCC, IC, CE).
Full Scale Output (mV/V)
Also known as rated output, it is the electrical signal output produced when loaded at its maximum rated capacity (Emax).
  • • Typically in the range of 2-3mV/V
  • A higher FSO value indicates a higher sensitivity, allowing for more precision at lower loads at the expense of overload capacity
Force Distribution
How force is spread across a single load cell's contact surface. Describes how a force is spread across the contact surface of a single load cell rather than concentrated at a single point.
Gain (V/V)
The ratio of output voltage to input voltage applied by the amplifier—expressed in volts per volt (V/V). This determines how much the input signal is amplified before being passed to the output or A/D converter.
  • Gain may be digitally programmable (via software or communication interface) or manually adjusted using onboard potentiometers, depending on the device.
  • Selecting the correct gain allows you to scale low-level sensor signals (e.g., mV from a load cell) to match the input range of an ADC or control system, maximizing resolution and accuracy.
  • Improper gain settings may lead to signal clipping (if too high) or reduced sensitivity and poor SNR (if too low).
Hygienic Design
Engineering practice of creating components and equipment that meet health standards and is easy to clean. The engineering practice of designing components and equipment to meet hygiene and sanitation requirements while making them easy to clean and maintain. Designs typically incorporate smooth surfaces, minimal crevices or areas where contaminants can collect, and materials that are resistant to corrosion and approved cleaning chemicals.
Hermetic Welding
An airtight, watertight seal that blocks dust, moisture and gases. A type of sealing method that is airtight and watertight to block dust, moisture, and gasses
Hysteresis
The difference in output for the same load depending on whether the load was applied increasing or decreasing from the previous applied load.
  • Typically shown as a percentage of the FSO (i.e. ±0.01%)
  • More important in dynamic applications where weight will fluctuate in both directions
Ingress Protection
IEC 60529 rating that indicates dust and water ingress resistance. The first digit indicates solid particle ingress protection while the second digit indicates water ingress protection.
  • IP67 is typically the minimum recommended rating for washdown applications
  • IP ratings are independent of material and corrosion resistance
Impact Load
Physical collision between two objects, creating an instantaneous dynamic force that exceeds the object’s weight. A dynamic force generated when two objects physically collide, producing a sudden increase in force that can greatly exceed the object’s static weight. Impact loads are commonly considered in applications such as vehicle and car crash testing, where forces can change rapidly during a collision.
Input/Output Resistance (Ω)
Input resistance is measured over the excitation leads (EXC+, EXC-) and output resistance is measured across the signal leads (SIG+, SIG-).
  • Both resistances have different tolerance ranges, with the output resistance typically being tighter
  • Resistances must match to use multiple load cells in a single system with a junction box
Input Power (VDC/VAC)
The voltage range required to power the device. Some models include internal rectifiers to support direct AC connection, while others require a dedicated DC power supply.
  • Most devices are designed to accommodate 100-240VAC or between 8-24VDC without compromising performance, allowing for ease of integration despite different global electronics standards.
  • ANYLOAD units are fully tested within their specified power ranges to ensure consistent operation, stability, and measurement accuracy across the entire range.
Installation Mounting
The physical method by which the device is installed, such as panel-mounted, DIN-rail mounted, or wall-mounted, depending on the application and enclosure design.
  • Proper mounting ensures mechanical stability, vibration resistance, and safe operation in industrial environments.
  • Always verify torque specifications, screw length, and material compatibility when using brackets or adapters to avoid damaging the housing or compromising IP-rated seals.
  • Certain devices may require a specific orientation for ventilation, display visibility, or ingress protection; refer to product documentation.
Isolation
Electrical separation between different parts of a circuit to prevent unwanted current flow and protect against voltage spikes or ground loops.
  • Enhances safety, prevents interference, and protects sensitive components.
  • Common isolation methods include optical, transformer, and capacitive coupling.
  • Especially important in systems with different ground potentials or exposed field wiring.
Legal-for-Trade
A designation given to scales used in commercial transactions where products are sold by weight.
  • Multiple regulatory agencies exist depending on where around the world the product must be certified (i.e. NTEP – U.S., Measurement Canada – Canada, OIML – International, etc.)
  • Standards vary by organization, but products sold must meet regulatory accuracy at a production level before being sold to a customer.
Live Load
A non-permanent, variable weight that the load cell experiences A non-permanent and variable weight that the load cell experiences during normal operation. Unlike dead load, live load changes as material, products, or other items are added, removed, or moved. For example, the contents weighed in a tank represent the live load and can vary depending on the amount of material inside.
Load Distribution
How total weight is shared among the load cells in a weighing system. Describes how the total weight of an object (like a tank, hopper, or truck) is split up and shared among all the different load cells supporting it in a multi-cell weighing system.
Metrology
The name of scientific measurement, encompassing calibration, verification, and accuracy of measuring instruments both for weight or volume.
  • Includes legal metrology (regulated trade) and research metrology.
Modbus RTU
A serial protocol that shares data between devices over RS-485. A serial communication protocol that uses an RS-485 network to exchange data between industrial devices over a shared communication bus.
Modbus TCP
The Modbus protocol running over standard Ethernet networks. A version of the Modbus protocol that operates over Ethernet and TCP/IP networks, enabling communication between industrial devices using standard Ethernet infrastructure.
Mechanical Fatigue
Progressive weakening of material caused by repetitive or constant loading and unloading. The progressive weakening of a material caused by repeated or cyclic loading and unloading. Over time, these repeated stresses can create microscopic cracks that grow and eventually lead to material failure, even when each individual load is below the material’s maximum strength.
Maximum Verification Intervals (nmax)
The highest number of discrete intervals the load cell reading can be divided into while maintaining the specified accuracy.
  • It is an indicator of the load cell’s resolution and precision.
  • A higher nmax indicates a finer resolution, while operating at a high nmax can induce noise due to the sensitivity of the load cell.
Maximum Verification Intervals (nmax)
The highest number of discrete intervals the load cell reading can be divided into while maintaining the specified accuracy.
  • It is an indicator of the load cell’s resolution and precision.
  • A higher nmax indicates a finer resolution, while operating at a high nmax can induce noise due to the sensitivity of the load cell.
Measurement Canada (MC)
The Canadian government agency responsible for regulating weighing instruments used in legal-for-trade applications.
  • Devices typically pass a type or class approval and inspection before commercial use.
  • Comparable in scope to NTEP in the U.S.
Mirror Polished
An ultra-smooth, highly reflective finish achieved through progressive polishing.
  • An ultra-smooth, highly reflective finish applied to metals or other materials.
  • It is produced by sanding with progressively finer abrasive grits, followed by polishing with a specialized buffing compound.
Multi-Point Calibration
Calibration performed at multiple known loads across the range of a scale to improve linear accuracy at different weight ranges.
  • Can compensate for any non-linearity of a measurement system.
  • The number of points that can be used in one scale’s calibration depends on the indicator the load cell system is connected to
Mounting Style
Mechanical mounting options for the display (i.e. pole, wall, rack, etc.).
  • Accessories such as swivel brackets or tilt plates can be optioned to increase installation versatility.
Moisture Ingress
Water or vapor getting into a structure or enclosure.
  • Water, moisture, or vapor entering a structure.
Network Topology
The communication structure used between devices, such as point-to-point, star, or mesh networks.
  • A key consideration when designing systems with multiple wireless nodes. Mesh networks offer better scalability and redundancy but may increase complexity and latency compared to simpler topologies.
NTEP
Short for National Type Evaluation Program, this is the certification program in the United States for all commercial weighing devices.
  • Ensures all legal-for-trade systems are compliant with the standards outlined in NIST Handbook 44
  • Depending on the capacity of the scale or system, testing can either be performed in one of their licensed laboratories or tested in house with a local representative present
Non-Linearity
The deviation of the load cell’s output from an ideal straight line response throughout the measurement range.
  • Typically shown as a percentage of the FSO (i.e. ±0.01%)
  • Non-linearity can be improved using multi-point calibration to build a better response profile
Noise
Unwanted electrical disturbances that interfere with the accuracy or stability of an analog or digital signal. Noise can originate from internal circuit behavior or external sources such as electromagnetic fields or ground loops.
  • Effects of additional can be mitigated by converting the signal to a larger, more resilient analogue signal or to a digital signal.
  • High-impedance sensor outputs and long analog cable runs are particularly susceptible to noise.
OIML
International Organization of Legal Metrology, this is the certification body for most global standards for legal metrology and weighing instruments.
  • These standards are updated periodically and sometimes re-testing is required.
  • There are usually cross-certification tests that allow a mutual acceptance agreement between OIML and some North American standards to simplify testing if a product is to be sold internationally.
Onboard Weighing
Weighing system installed on a vehicle or trailer to read payload or weight distribution in real-time.
  • Helps prevent overloading and improves efficiency with legal compliance
  • Found in trucks, forklifts, agricultural machinery and more
Off-Centre Loading
Path of loading force does not align with the main axis of intended force loading, creating a moment Occurs when the path of the applied load does not align with the load cell’s intended main axis of loading. This misalignment creates a moment or bending force that can affect measurement accuracy and place additional stress on the load cell. Proper load positioning and alignment are important to minimize these effects and ensure reliable, consistent measurements.
Operating Temperature (°C)
The ambient compensated temperature range where the load cell will perform within specifications.
  • Operating outside this range can cause drift, reduced accuracy, or damage.
Plastic Deformation
A permanent change in the shape or size of a material that happens when an applied force or stress goes past the material's yield strength, causing atomic bonds to break and permanently shift. A permanent change in the shape or size of a material that occurs when an applied force or stress exceeds its yield strength. Once the material has been permanently deformed, it will not return to its original shape when the load is removed.
Power Consumption (W)
The amount of electrical power consumed by the device, typically specified as either a typical operating load or a maximum draw under full functionality.
  • This value is important when selecting an appropriate power supply and ensuring that the device does not exceed available system capacity.
  • In panel-mounted or enclosed installations, power consumption contributes to internal heat generation and may influence thermal management design (e.g., ventilation or heat sinking).
PROFINET
A real-time industrial Ethernet protocol for automation devices. An industrial Ethernet protocol that enables real-time data exchange and integration with industrial automation devices.
Peak Hold
Captures and keeps the highest force or weight reading. A feature that records and retains the highest force or weight measurement reached during operation.
Platform Scale
A scale that uses a flat platform surface to load items or bulk materials.
  • Capacities range from small shipping scales to large floor scales for commercial use.
Process Weighing
Continuous dynamic or integrated weighing as a part of a larger production or assembly line that controls material flow.
  • Can be static (i.e. tank weighing) or dynamic (belt scales) depending on the process stage.
  • Often integrates with a PLC or other automation system for more control.
Preload
An initial baseline force applied to remove slack before measuring. The practice of applying an initial static baseline mechanical force or removing system slack before taking measurements. It ensures structural stability, and reduces mechanical hysteresis.
RS-232
A short-distance, point-to-point serial communication standard. A serial communication standard for point-to-point data transmission between two devices, typically over short distances.
RS-485
A robust serial standard for long-distance, multi-device networks. A robust communication protocol commonly used to transmit data over long distances, allowing multiple devices to be connected on the same network.
Range (LoS)
Maximum communication distance under line-of-sight (LoS) conditions.
  • Obstacles, such as walls, machinery, or terrain, can significantly reduce range in real-world deployments.
Radial Load
Force that acts perpendicularly to the axis of rotation A force that acts perpendicularly to the axis of rotation. Radial loads apply sideways or lateral forces to a rotating component, creating stress on bearings, shafts, and other supporting structures. Properly accounting for radial loads is essential for maintaining accurate measurement, stability, and reliable operation.
Recommended Excitation (V)
The optimal voltage range to supply the load cell for reliable operation and reading.
  • Typically consists of a recommendation and a maximum
  • Exceeding the maximum excitation voltage will damage the load cell components
Repeatability
The ability of the load cell to produce consistent output readings when an identical load or force is applied under identical conditions.
  • Typically shown as a percentage of the FSO (i.e. ±0.01%).
  • High repeatability ensures reliable measurements
Response Time (ms)
The time delay between a new input signal and the corresponding change displayed on the screen.
  • Lower response times improve real-time feedback and system responsiveness.
  • Critical for dynamic or high-speed applications, but less important for static displays showing stable values.
Resolution
The smallest change in input signal that a device can detect, typically determined by the bit depth of its analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Resolution is often expressed in bits or counts (e.g., 16-bit or 65,536 steps over the input range).
  • Higher resolution allows finer distinctions between input levels, but also increases sensitivity to electrical noise and signal instability. Not applicable to fully analogue systems
RF Output Power (dBm)
The maximum transmission power of the radio signal, measured in decibels relative to 1 milliwatt (dBm).
  • Higher output power increases communication range, but may reduce battery life and require additional certification in some regions.
Storage Temperature
The allowable ambient temperature range during non-operational periods, such as shipping or long-term storage. This range assumes the device is powered off and properly packaged.
  • The storage temperature range is typically wider than the operating range, but exceeding it may cause irreversible damage to internal components, seals, or display elements.
  • Prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures, high humidity, or rapid thermal cycling can result in condensation, corrosion, or degradation of electronic and mechanical parts.
Shunting Calibration
A calibration method that involves simulating load cell output with a given weight by inserting specific resistances across the bridge circuit.
  • Allows for high capacity field calibration without the need for physical test weights.
  • Useful for troubleshooting or verifying system functionality.
Shock Load
A sudden, high impact, instantaneous load caused by dropping an object onto the load cell. A sudden, high-impact, instantaneous load that occurs when a force is applied rapidly to a load cell, such as when an object is dropped onto it. Shock loads can significantly exceed the object’s static weight and may cause permanent deformation or damage to the load cell’s internal strain gauges.
Safe Overload
The maximum load beyond the rated capacity the load cell can sustain without permanent damage or deformation of the structure.
  • Expressed as a % of rated capacity (i.e. 150%).
  • Protects against occasional overloading, accurate weighing at this load is not guaranteed
Salt Spray Resistance
Material that does not react or corrode with a saline solution. The ability of a material or surface finish to resist corrosion when exposed to salt spray or a saline environment. This property is especially important for equipment used in marine, coastal, or other corrosive environments.
Sandblasted
A surface finish made by blasting abrasive particles with compressed air. A surface treatment process that smooths a material by using compressed air to blast abrasive particles against the surface.
Sandblasted with Ceramic Shot
A clean, uniform satin finish using ceramic beads that avoid iron contamination. A surface treatment process that uses smooth, hard zirconia-based ceramic beads instead of traditional sand or steel. It cleans, finishes, and strengthens metal surfaces while avoiding iron contamination and producing a uniform satin finish.
Side Load
Forces perpendicular to the path of loading (a radial load). A force that acts perpendicular to the intended path of loading, creating a lateral or sideways force on the load cell or measuring component. Side loads can cause inaccurate readings, mechanical stress, or potential damage if they exceed the component’s allowable limits. Proper alignment and load application help minimize the effects of side loading and ensure reliable measurement.
Scale
A weighing device designed to measure the mass of an object using calibrated devices, such as a load cell or mechanical beam.
  • Accuracy and resolution vary by application and scale type.
  • Can be used in a wide range of capacities, from laboratory precision and use to industrial tension weighing in marine cargo docks.
Signal Bandwidth
The frequency range over which a load cell accurately measures changing loads. The range of frequencies over which the load cell can accurately measure dynamic loads. A wider bandwidth allows the load cell to respond more quickly to rapid changes in the applied load, while a narrower bandwidth is suitable for applications with slow load changes.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
How clearly the true signal stands out from background noise. Comparison of the level of the desired signal from a load cell to the level of background noise. It is expressed as a ratio, with a higher SNR indicating clearer and more reliable measurements.
Signal Conditioning
Turns a load cell's weak raw signal into a stable, usable output. The process of converting a load cell's low-level electrical signal into a stable, usable output for accurate measurement.
Signal Isolation
Blocking electrical noise to keep load cell readings accurate. Signal isolation is a way to prevent electrical noise and interference in load cells to ensure accurate measurements. Several techniques can be employed to achieve effective signal isolation like shielded cables and proper grounding practices.
Signal Amplification
Boosting a load cell's tiny signal to a usable level. The process of increasing the low-level electrical signals produced by the load cells, typically in the millivolt range, to a more usable level, such as 4-20 mA or 0-10 V. This is essential for accurate data transmission and processing in measurement systems.
Tare
A scale function to subtract the vessel weight from the total readout to determine the net weight of the contents being measured.
  • Requires a documented empty vessel weight or first loading the scale with an empty vessel.
  • Tare quantity limits are typically expressed as a percentage of the full scale capacity.
TCP/IP
The core protocol suite for addressing, routing and transmitting data. A suite of communication protocols that enable communication between devices by providing data transmission, addressing, and routing.
Tare Range
The maximum allowable offset (tare) that can be subtracted from the gross weight, usually expressed as a percentage of full scale.
  • Larger tare capacities can accommodate for large fixtures or container weights.
Update/Sample Rate
The frequency at which the device samples and processes input data, typically expressed in samples per second (SPS) or Hz.
  • Higher sample rates offer faster response times but may increase visible signal noise without filtering.
  • Lower sample rates provide smoother readings but may lag in fast-changing processes.
  • Applications like checkweighing or batching often require update rates of 10 Hz or higher for reliable performance
Viewing Angle
The maximum angle from which the display remains clearly readable without significant loss of contrast or visibility.
  • Important measurement for outdoor installations where the display will be seen from multiple locations, requiring a large usable viewing angle
Weigh in Motion (WIM)
A system that measures the weight of a vehicle in motion while they pass over a scale.
  • Used on highways or railways for law enforcement or cargo weight monitoring.
  • Accuracy depends on calibration, components, speed, and surface imperfections (for portable applications.
  • Can be certified for legal-for-trade use.
Washdown Design
Construction that withstands hot, harsh-chemical cleaning.
  • A design that can handle high temperature cleaning environments and harsh chemicals.
Zero
The calibrated reading of an empty scale or unloaded load cell, typically adjusted to ensure accuracy.
  • Most scale indicators also allow for zero tolerances to eliminate drift or offsets from large volumes being loaded/unloaded.
  • Different from a tare, a scale zero follows a rigorous calibration procedure and is part of the overall load cell reading circuit.
Zero Balance (mV/V)
Also expressed as zero offset, it is the output signal of a load cell when no load is applied and is typically very close to zero with a small tolerance listed.
  • Typically in the range of ±0.02mV/V or lower
  • Strongly affected by installation, bolt torque, and mounting surface
  • Can change with material fatigue over longer spans of time
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